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朗文第一册总结

上一篇 / 下一篇  2008-03-24 14:14:00 / 个人分类:英文学习

朗文第一册时态一共学习了4种.下面是一个小的总结
一、现在进行时:  

                 主语+be+现在分词(动词ing)
                 主语+be not +现在分词(动词ing)
                 Be +主语+现在分词(动词ing)?
                 没有提示词的动词:like love know want live……
                 提示词:now listen! Look!

例:现在进行时表示将来动作
⑴准备或打算做某事
He is going to buy a new car .他准备买一辆新车
She is not going to be there tonight .她今晚不准备到那里。
Is he going to be a dentist when he grows up ?他长大了打算当牙医
I am taking my son to the zoo on Saturday.星期六我带我儿子去动物加园
My brother is having a party tomorrow .我兄弟明天开一个晚会。
What are you doing tomorrow afternoon ?明天下午你干什么?
He is leaving school in one year’s time.他一年后就要毕业了。

⑵即将发生的事或要发生的事。

It is going to warm tomorrow .明天天气会很暖和。
My cousin is going to have a baby .我表姐要生孩子了。
I am going to be sick .我要病倒了。
 

二、一般现在时:

               ①第三人称单数+动词第三人称单数
                  第三人称单数+does not(助动词)+动词原形
                  Does +第三人称单数+动词原形?
               ②主语(非第三人称单数)+ 动词原形
                  主语(非第三人称单数)+ do not +动词原形
                  Do +主语(非第三人称单数)+ 动词原形?
提示词:every always usually often sometimes seldom never……

例:一般现在时主要表示´


⑴经常发生或反复发生的动作   
        
He gets up at six .他六点起床
She works eight hours a day .她每天工作八小时
Do you often wash you hair ?你经常洗头吗?
Thank you .I don’t smoke .谢谢你,我不吸烟
Do you go to work by bus or by bike?你坐公共汽车上班,还是骑自行车?

⑵现时的情况或状态

They live in the same building ,don’t they ? 他们同住一幢楼,对吧?
He is a law student .他是学法律
She knows several languages.她懂几国语言
The soup tastes good .这汤味道很好
They enjoy skating .他们喜欢溜冰

⑶永恒的真理

The sun rises in the east 太是从东边升起
It snows in winter 冬天下雪
Metal expands when heated .金属加热后会膨胀。

⑷用来指引道路

“How do I get to the station ?” “you go straight on to the traffic lights. then you turn right”

⑸用在Here 和There 后面

Here comes the bus ! 公车来了
There goes the bell .铃响了。

三、一般将来时:

               ①表示一个事先考虑好的意图
                  主语+be going to+动词原形
                  主语+be not going to+动词原形
                  Be +主语+going to+动词原形?
                ②主语+will(shall)+ 动词原形
                  主语+will(shall)not + 动词原形
                  Will(Shall) +主语+ 动词原形?
提示词:next tomorrow soon in the future……

例:一些表示未来情况的方法

⑴ be going to 结构表示打干某事

I am not going to argue with you tonight .今晚我不打算和你争论。

⑵ be going to 结构表示即将发生某事

Oh ,no !He is going to fall .糟糕!他要摔下来了。
How pale that girl is !I think she is going to be faint.

那个姑娘脸色这样苍白,我想她要晕倒了。
这个结构有时可和will 引导的结构换用。

It will (is going to )take a long time to photocopy all the documents.
复印所有这些材料要用很长时间。

I won’t (am not going to )tell you my age我不打算告诉你我年龄。

四、一般过去时:  

                  主语+动词的过去式
                  主语+did not +动词原形
                  Did +主语+动词原形?
提示词:last before yesterday ago just now……

必背的不规则动词过去式
Come----came  
fly----flew   
get----got   
go----went
See----saw    
take----took  
meet----met  
have/has----had
Do----did     
am/is----was  
are----were  
can----could

例:一般过去时的用法

⑴一般过去时表示一个过去发生的动作

I got to know her in 1998.我是1998年认识她
My grandfather died in 1996.我祖父是1996去世

⑵一般过去时表示存在的状态

I didn’t know her at that time.那时我还不认识她
He believed that he was right.他相信自己是对的

⑶前一会发生的事也要用过去时表示

She was here a minute ago.她前一分钟还在这里
Who told you this ?这事谁告诉你的?
Did the telephone ring?电话铃响了吗?

⑷在日常谈话中也常会用到它

Who said it ? 我不知道你在这儿
I though they were with you .我以为他们和你在起。
How did you find your way home?你怎么找到回家的路?

⑸be动词的过去时was 和were 的用法

was用于第一、第三人称单数,

He was a lawyer .他过去是一个律师。
He was very busy last Friday.上星期五他非常忙
The train was ten minutes late.火车晚点十分钟
I wasn’t interested in going.我没兴趣去。

其他情况都用were

Where were you yesterday?昨天你在哪里?
Most of them were fishermen.他们多数都是渔民
We weren’t in town that day.那天我们不在城里
 

名词复数
规则变化:
1) 一般在名词词尾加s,
① map—maps地图,bird—birds鸟,
orange—oranges 桔子,
bike—bikes自行车;

2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es,
① box—boxes盒子,class—classes班级,watch—watches手表, dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具;

3) 以O结尾的名词后面加s或es
① photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园
tomato—tomatoes西红柿 potato—potatoes土豆

4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es
① baby—babies婴儿 family—families家庭;
以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s
① boy—boys男孩 toy—toys 玩具;

5) 以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为ves
① knife—knives小刀
wife—wives妻子
leaf—leaves树叶。
名词复数的不规则变化

不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2)单复同形 如:
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼


动词第三人称单数和名词变化相同。但是以“o”结尾的一半加“es”

动词过去式:
直接加ed : looked played
直接加d : decided united
变y加ied : carried cried
双写辅音字母:stopped begged
其他为不规则变化:begin - began / see - saw


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